Architecture & LLD

Traffic Signal Controller

Architecture & LLD Preview

Traffic Signal Controller

Model a traffic light cycling through Red → Green → Yellow with timed, guarded transitions.

The smallest table-driven FSM: a transition table + timed guards, wrapped in an intersection controller that enforces a mutual-exclusion safety invariant every tick.

Core Design Challenge

"Design a traffic signal. How do you stop it skipping yellow or letting both directions go green?"

What You'll Learn:

  • Modeling system states and transition triggers
  • Encapsulating state machines into design patterns
  • Handling concurrency, thread-safety, and transaction isolation
  • Managing invalid actions and edge cases cleanly in code
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